Actually... I just replicated it. Take a look at the file attached.
I won’t be able to explain you the problem you had, but at least you can try to study it at your side.
The clipping mask is a compound path (not a compound shape! the difference is rather large).
The object on the left is my original art I created it from — it’s just a bunch of circles. To make this original compound path to work like this, I opened Attributes panel and toggled Fill Rule to be Even-Odd (with the object selected) — this makes it alternate filled and unfilled region.
Then I used Divide button in Pathfinder (with the option 'Divide and Outline Will Remove Unpainted Artwork' enabled, to get rid of unfilled holes (disabled by default). I removed the unneeded parts (notice that some very tiny ones can happen), ungrouped, and then used Object > Compound Path > Make command to assemble it back.
You don’t have to use the same method.

I try to download it, but the file is rather large, and the connection drops often :(
Perhaps you can remove the image from a file, leaving only the paths you want to use for clipping? This should make it much more lighter.

Hello Egor! Just checking if you received the link with the different files I sent you.

Thank you in adavance

Anna

Great !here is the link with different files

https://we.tl/t-uFghJ4wUoy

Initially when it worked I used a compound shape

After I tried group and compound path but I couldn't get the same result.

In the file "test fleur de vie test 2 " I imported the compouned shape from the initial file. The design is imperfect so I cannot use it like this.

Thank you for your help!

Anna, it seems like UserVoice is blocking the upload you make for some reason. They have some strict security policies...
Would you mind uploading the file someplace else and share a link instead?
While you are at it, can you tell me (just in case the file won’t get through still), what exactly IS your clipping mask? Is it a group? A compound path? A compound shape?

Hello Egor!

Have you received the files I sent you ?

Thank you in advance

Anna

And the second one that is not working

thank you for your help!

Here is the file with the design that works

Can you please share a test file and point at the image you are trying to replicate?
I will try to reassemble it to match it and to find out what a problem was.