It should be possible to insert default values manually
It should be possible to insert default values manually. Example: Stroke weight or default font by my own choosing. I would like a different font as default.
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You can do it.
Create an object, set a stroke (and/or a fill) you like, Alt+drag it over the [Default] style in Graphic Styles panel — this will fix your default settings in this particular document. Same with Character and Paragraph Styles.If you want these changes to be permanent, applied to a new document you create, you should make these changes IN New Document Profile files, located somewhat like here (Windows):
C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Roaming\Adobe\Adobe Illustrator 25 Settings\en_US\x64\New Document Profiles (you can browse this folder, pressing More Settings in New Document dialog’ right pane to call a 'legacy' settings, clicking Profile dropdown and choosing Browse...You might have problems on rewriting these directly in the folder, depending on you user account privileges, so copy them (and backup) first and then overwrite originals, once you set defaults to your needs. Backup these too, because Ai rewrites them when updated.