Currently the only place the "move/copy art with artboard" switch exists is a button on the Control bar. I have never liked the Control bar and have hidden it since it was first added to Illustrator back in CS3.

In my workflow, I almost never want to move/copy art with artboard, and for some reason this switch constantly turns itself back on, so it's extra annoying to have to either lock all my layers, or dig around this part of the interface I never use.

If I hit return with the Artboard tool selected, I'll bring up the current artboard's options. And in these options there's also a "global' section that would be a perfect place to add this switch so it's quickly accessible in that moment when I perform my regular workflow of "switch to artboard tool, move an artboard, realize I didn't lock every single layer in my file beforehand, swear, undo, lock everything, make the artboard change I wanted, unlock the layers I was working on". A switch there would let me shorten thos to "switch to artboard tool, move an artboard, swear because stuff moved along with it, undo, hit return, turn off move/copy with artboard, stop worrying about this until Illustrator decides to flip this switch on its own again".