The Graphic Styles Panel needs to have Global and Local panels to allow persistent styles across Illustrator
We create a lot of vector elements and having to change the fill and stroke every time is painful. No fill/No stroke as the default would be MUCH better. Why it's a white fill and black stroke is beyond me.
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Barron, sorry for the extremely late reply!
Actually, both things you ask for are possible (almost!).We can save Graphic Styles as local libraries as an .ai file, using the panel’s menu.
Then we can load it as a separate panel.
Then we can make one 'persistent' — and it will stay afloat for all the documents we open.
However, while the styles will be accessible, they’d get themselves copied into current document’s Graphic Styles panel. So when you we update a style locally, it’d be quite hard to replace a style in a persistent library...So yeah — this part is quite legit, it should be simplified!
The next part is redefining the basic style. Doable. Dragging an object with the style you want as a default one with Opt/Alt held will replace it.
Then, if you wish for this style to be used in every new document, you should modify the corresponding document profile (Print.ai, Web.ai...) or create your own.
You can read about document profiles here: https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/kb/create-custom-new-document-profile.html