The artboard name does not always stick when entering it in the following manner:
- in the artboards panel create a new artboard via the [+] icon
- double-click the title to be able to edit the name
- paste in the name
- hit enter

The name shows in the panel, but when clicking the artboard icon at the right of the name the artboard settings panel opens with the old name still showing. If not editing the name here also the name will revert back to the old name after opening and closing another file.

The video shows the above. Note the screenshot shows some artboards on the left with just a number while on the right they have a name as well.

Illustrator 24.1 on MacOS 10.14.6